Cleisthenes was a reformer who a. wounded himself to gain sympathy and seize power as tyrant

b. released the poor from debt slavery

c. further weakened nobility and strengthened power of citizens

C is your answer

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.

a they donate money to humanitarian causes

c   they volunteer to alleviate suffering

d   they blame all muslims for not being able to keep their fellow muslims in line.