After independence, many African countries experienced political challenges such as

germany's government did not have enough money to pay its debts, so it began printing more money, which caused economic problems. germany did not pay off its wwi debts until 2010. germany was also responsible for paying reparations after world war ii.

explanation:

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c, because the american revolution was from 1765 to 1783.

the industrial revolution pushed the world into modern industrialization. it changed the course of history profoundly. it caused rapid urbanization and pushed cities and countries into development. the industrial revolution began in great britain with a series with new inventions which led to the creation of machines and mass production.

this caused the country to gain wealth and money and become an international superpower. it improved transportation and manufacturing inside the country, pushed people to live in urban areas and britain to become the most powerful nation in the world for a while.