The main difference between archaeologists and anthropologists is that archaeologists find and excavate the artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists excavate the tombs of ancient people. archaeologists concentrate on the physical artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists study a wider range of human cultures and behaviors. archaeologists search for and excavate the artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists interpret the findings of archaeologists. archaeologists focus on artifacts of ancient people, while anthropologists study human remains of ancient people.