After the British won the second Battle of El Alamein, they launched

Explanation:

After the British won the Second Battle of El Alamein, they launched Operation Torch to free North Africa from the Germans. On November 8, 1942, the Allied Forces landed on the coast of French colonies in North Africa. The British armies freed 1,000 miles of North African coastline.

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i believe the answer would be 1.

1.) irish.

2.) settlers could obtain cheap land nearby

3.) steam engine

explanation: