3.What were the key differences between the Greek city-states Athens and Sparta? Which is regarded as one of the founding civilizations to use democratic values in government? 4.What led to the transition of Rome from a Republic to an Empire? 5. Explain at least two influences that Christianity had on the Byzantine Empire and/or the Byzantine Empire’s influence on Christianity. 6. What were at least two different ways that the Sui and Song Dynasties (598-618 and 960-1279 CE respectively) instituted centralized rule in China? 7. What was the Renaissance and where did Renaissance thinkers and artists base their works and inspiration from? 8. Explain the differences between a country with an absolute monarchy versus one that is a constitutional monarchy? In a transition from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy, who is gaining more power or representation? 9. What was the role of disease in the Americas and Pacific islands? Did it help or hold back European expansion in these areas? Why? 10. Explain the achievements of the Portuguese and Spanish during the Age of Exploration and their influence on non-European civilizations. 11. Compare and contrast the effects of European colonization on East Africa versus Central and South Africa. 12. Describe the connection between the Atlantic Slave Trade and the African Diaspora. 13. What were the effects of the Ming and Qing Dynasties centralized system of government and traditional rule on Chinese society? 14. Explain the similarities between the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empire. 15. Describe the factors that led to the fall of the Islamic Empires during the 1700s.

What two arguments is franklin d. roosevelt making in this excerpt from his "four freedoms" speech? four freedoms by franklin d. roosevelt (excerpt) it is true that prior to 1914 the united states often had been disturbed by events in other continents. we had even engaged in two wars with european nations and in a number of undeclared wars in the west indies, in the mediterranean and in the pacific for the maintenance of american rights and for the principles of peaceful commerce. but in no case had a serious threat been raised against our national safety or our continued independence. what i seek to convey is the historic truth that the united states as a nation has at all times maintained clear, definite opposition, to any attempt to lock us in behind an ancient chinese wall while the procession of civilization went past. today, thinking of our children and of their children, we oppose enforced isolation for ourselves or for any other part of the americas. that determination of ours, extending over all these years, was proved, for example, during the quarter century of wars following the french revolution. while the napoleonic struggles did threaten interests of the united states because of the french foothold in the west indies and in louisiana, and while we engaged in the war of 1812 to vindicate our right to peaceful trade, it is nevertheless clear that neither france nor great britain, nor any other nation, was aiming at domination of the whole world. a) americans should hold on to their isolationist tendencies as long as their own interests are not under threat. b) americans have always fought to uphold human rights and correct injustices against them. c) americans have always been peaceful but should be willing to go to war to defend their allies. d) americans should go to war to protect their allies against the germans and assert their world domination. e) americans should continue to maintain their freedom even in the face of world domination.

Diarys letters and memoirs are good examples of what

Item 14 which statement is an accurate description of the transatlantic slave trade? africans were brought to the americas in a three-part system of triangular trade. slaves went from europe to africa, and then to the americas in a circle of trade. native american slaves were sent to europe in exchange for sugar and molasses. africans traded tobacco and furs for captured arabs whom they sold into slavery.