Cities reflect urban planning. They are all laid out with major roads running north and south.

The statement is not true. Not all cities are laid out with major roads running north and south, this type or urban planning is more common in modern cities like those of the United States.

Older cities like many in Europe are laid out in different ways. For example, Paris has a series of "rings": large roads that circle the city, from close to the city core to the outskirts. Other cities have large historic centers where the layout is very irregular.

so what is your question?

no options provided, here,but the answer to this question is often: a historian cites a japanese newspaper article published a year after the end of world war ii in order to draw conclusions about the effect of the war on the japanese economy.

clearly from the answer, the historian alludes to historical sources,and records to aid in analyzing and drawing conclusion on the effect of the war on the economy of japan.