This passage is from the testimony of Henry Adams, a formerly enslaved man who testified before the Senate in 1880 about the treatment he encountered after emancipation. Which statement best describes why Henry Adams was beaten?

What is the impact of enlightenment ideals on the development of economic, political, and religious structures in the western world?

Interest groups representing businesses and investors are often among the most successful lobbying groups for all of the following reasons, except a. such groups have the financial resources to mount sustained campaigns on their own behalf b. these groups' members contribute heavily to many legislators' campaigns and in so doing gain greater access to legislators c. these groups have often been in existence for decades, allowing them to both master the legislative system and develop close ties with legislators d. the members of these groups make up the majority of voters in many districts

What ideas, institution, and causes became the focal points of chinese and islamic resistance respectively to the west in the latter half of 19th century and the first decades of the 20th