Reading Lesson – Development and Interactions Short-Answer Question Prompt Use the passages below and your previous knowledge to answer parts A, B, and C of the question that follows. Use complete sentences. Source 1 "The government of Peru was a despotism, mild in its character, but in its form a pure and unmitigated despotism. The sovereign was placed at an immeasurable distance above his subjects. Even the proudest of the Inca nobility, claiming a descent from the same divine original as himself, could not venture into the royal presence, unless barefoot, and bearing a light burden on his shoulders in token of homage. As the representative of the Sun, he stood at the head of the priesthood, and presided at the most important of the religious festivals. He raised armies, and usually commanded them in person. He imposed taxes, made laws, and provided for their execution by the appointment of judges, whom he removed at pleasure. He was the source from which every thing flowed, all dignity, all power, all emolument. He was, in short, in the well-known phrase of the European despot, ‘himself the state.’” William Hickling Prescott, American scientific historian, excerpt from History of the Conquest of Peru, 1847 Source 2 "By night and day they [human offerings] burned, supplied with fuel by an army of slaves who brought it on their backs over the long causeways that connected the island-city with the mainland and its distant forests. These pillars of smoke by day, and ill-omened banners of flame by night, were regarded with fear and hatred by many a dweller in the mountains surrounding the Mexican valley. They were the symbols of a power against which these had struggled in vain, of a tyranny so oppressive that it not only devoted them to lives of toil, hopeless of reward, but to deaths of ignominy and torture whenever fresh victims were demanded for its reeking altars. But while hatred thus burned, fierce and deep-seated, none dared openly to express it, for the power of the all-conquering Aztec was supreme. Far across the lofty mountains, to the great Mexican Gulf on the east, and westward to the broad Pacific; from the parched deserts of the cliff-dwelling tribes on the north, to the impenetrable Mayan forests on the south, the Aztec sway extended, and none might withstand the Aztec arms. If the imperial city demanded tribute it must be promptly given, though nakedness and hunger should result.” Kirk Munroe, American writer, Excerpt from The White Conquerors: A Tale of Toltec and Aztec, 1893 A) Identify ONE way that the two state systems discussed in the passages were similar. B) Identify ONE way that the two state systems discussed in the passages were different. C) Identify ONE way the descriptions of state building in the two excerpts reveal that the authors have different evaluations of the civilizations.