1. How did the United States assert itself as an independent nation?

The United States asserted itself as an independent nation was through the adoption of the Monroe Doctrine. This doctrine came after its independence from the British and was a warning to other European countries to stop their interference in the country.

This was a major statement of the United States to the rest of the world in it being strong enough to make decisions which are in the best interest of the country.

i think it's a)sparta

although the crusades failed to capture jerusalem, they had several major impacts on western europe. they increased the authority of the king: sometimes nobles died in battle without leaving an heir in which case the king got their land. kings passed taxes to pay for the crusades.