The most multinational state in Europe in the nineteenth century, and thus the one most threatened by the new ideology of nationalism, was:

Austria

Explanation:

The most multinational state in Europe in the nineteenth century, and thus the one most threatened by the new ideology of nationalism, was Austria.

The inhabitants which included Germans, Czechs and Hungarians wanted equality between the three tribes . This caused a lot of tension as the language spoken was German while the Hungarians named the villages and cities in their language. An agreement was later reached to prevent war happening.

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