In 1801, which of the following were Robert Livingston's objectives when negotiating with the French? i. to stop Spain from transferring land to France
ii. to buy New Orleans and Florida from France
iii. to create an alliance with France against Spain
iv. to purchase Canada and the Caribbean from France
A. i and ii only
B. i and iii only
C. i and iv only
D. i, iii, and iv only

A. i and ii only

Explanation:

During the war between french forces (France) and Indian forces, there was need to raise money in order to persecute the war successfully and make allies. The Spanish government decided to become France's ally after the french pledged to give them New Orleans and other land.

President Jefferson  has no other option than to send ambassadors headed by Robert Livingstone to France to negotiate for those lands with the intention of buying them.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

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