What geographic concept could best explain how modern English envolved?

Explanation:

English is a West Germanic language first spoken in early medieval England which eventually became a global lingua franca.[4][5] It is named after the Angles, one of the ancient Germanic peoples that migrated to the area of Great Britain that later took their name, England. Both names derive from Anglia, a peninsula on the Baltic Sea. English is most closely related to Frisian and Low Saxon, while its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages, particularly Old Norse (a North Germanic language), as well as Latin and French.

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answer; taking up arms to defend the nation;