According to which document do judges decide the law based on previous court cases

Are first amendment rights guaranteed in every situation? a. yes, because protecting civil liberties was one of the most important values to the founders of this country b. no, because sometimes the government limits individual freedoms for the benefit of the public as a whole. c. no, because people have to earn their first amendment rights by behaving in a responsible way. d. yes, because the first amendment is part of the constitution, which is the basis for all law and government.