Each Portuguese ship sailed:

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The caravel (Portuguese: caravela, IPA: [kɐɾɐˈvɛlɐ]) was a small, highly manoeuvrable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese to explore along the West African coast and into the Atlantic Ocean. The lateen sails gave it speed and the capacity for sailing windward (beating).

Explanation: google

d: their own individual powers within the new goverment

answer: the time zones used to be whatever the local authority wanted them to be. one town might have 6am whenever the sun came up and another town had 6am 10 minutes later.  

the trains had a hard time when their orders said to be at a certain point at 6am.  

6am, but who's 6am.  

the railroads got together and set the time zones more or less along the longitude lines across the country.

explanation: