In order to keep political party bosses from controlling which candidates were chosen to run for office, Progressives pressured state legislatures to call for

Primary Elections

Explanation:

Prior to 1912, party bosses called the shots as to who was fronted for elections in the party. But after the Progressives party was formed in that year, they highlighted the fact that this type of nomination by the bosses was not representative of the people's choice.

So they proposed the start of primary elections which would involve a lot of people from the public in choosing a candidate who would represent the party in the presidential elections.  

in november 1781, john hanson became the first president of the united states in congress assembled, under the articles of confederation. many people have argued that john hanson, and not george washington, was the first president of the united states, but this is not quite true.

explanation:

a. the astrolabe could determine the correct latitudinal location of the ship