Which term is used to describe the period prior to the beginning of the american civil war in 1861?

Why was the battle of gaugamela an important turning point in alexanders conquest of persian empire

Even before world war ii had ended, it was apparent that the allies would not remain friends in the post-war era. explain what is meant by the term cold war. then describe how the conflict between the superpowers manifested itself in the two following regions: europe and asia.

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?