3. what kept the peace in europe until 1914 despite the rapid buildup of armies and weapons?

a. a system of military alliances that divided europe into two camps

b. a system of peace treaties that invoked harsh penalties for aggressor nations and their allies

c. the knowledge that if any one nation declared war on another, all nations would rise against the aggressor

d. the introduction of new weapons and methods of warfare that made war hard to win

among the options given on the question the correct answer is option d.

tan winces when she describes her mother’s english as “broken.”

explanation: the excerpt is from "mother tongue" is an essay by amy tan. the purpose of writing this essay was describe the challenging situation of someone who was raised in a family where the parents could not speak proper english and the influence of the situation.people also could judge the individual for the poor english.

however, amy tan described the english of her mother as broken according to the other people. but every time, she referred as broken she winced. because, she began to understand the world with her mother's english.she could understand her mother's english.

therefore, tan winces when she describes her mother’s english as “broken.”

b) the confederacy had to pay all union war expenses.