"The United States shall guarantee to every state in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion; and
on application of the legislature, or of the executive (when the legislature
cannot be convened), against domestic violence."- United States
Constitution, Article IV, Section 4 According to this excerpt, a goal of the
framers of the Constitution was to ensure that the United States *
1. provided for the common defense of every state
2. remained neutral during domestic conflicts involving the states
3. supported the right of each state to resist presidential decisions
4. approved a bill of rights to protect citizens from government tyranny

it affected it because the kingdoms (with trade) slowly got richer and richer.

simplify brackets

8 - 2a - 7 = a + 40

simplify 8 - 2a - 7 to -2a + 1

-2a + 1 = a + 40

add 2a to both sides

1 = a + 40 + 2a

simplify a + 40 + 2a to 3a + 40

1 = 3a + 40

subtract 40 from both sides

1 - 40 = 3a

simplify 1 - 40 o -39

-39 = 3a

divide both sides by 3

-39/3 = a

simplify 39/3 to 13

-13 = a

switch sides

a = -13

sorry its a lil late, but the answer is d. the rotation 180° about z'

japan is located on a chain of islands called an archipelago. it is made up of four main islands and thousands of smaller ones. the terrain is mountainous, which means there is not a lot of good land for farming. because of the geography, the japanese relied on the sea for many aspects of daily life.