One effect European expansion had on the 16th and 17th centuries?

One of the effects the Europeans exceptions had on the 16th and 17th centuries was that they discovered all of the new sea route to India, spices and pepper where broth to Europe by the sea route to India

england is crowded cold and polluted while north america was like the opposite

c. archbishop desmond tutu promoted the acknowledgement of the rights of black africans and expose human rights abuses.

d. leader haile selassie modernized african society through the institution of progressive social, economic, and educational reforms.