Before the triangular trade system developed, the African slave trade was initially the result of...

Warfare between African kingdoms.

Explanation:

Warfare between African kingdoms resulted in the capturing of slaves during surprise attacks.

answer; i believe the answer is (mesopotamia); modern day

map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. for example, on a 1: 100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.