What did grandfather clauses mean to African Americans who wanted to vote?

What is the biggest difference in citiz en participation in government between ancient athens and the modern united states?

Define the term brutalization effect and describe in your own words why you think this occurs and how it conflicts with the ideas of deterrence theory.

The majority of victories and progress made by the women’s suffrage movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries came from the industrialized north the denizens of the east the american west the reconstructed south