How was citizenship defined in 1776 and 1870

In 1776, a citizen was a person who owned land, or someone who renounced his previous country and swore allegiance to the colonies, or anyone who was living in the colonies at the time when it became independent. In 1870 things were more strict and you had either have been born in the US, or married, or if you lived there for long, or anything similarly hard.

Italy , germany, austria, japan, and brazil.