To what extent did Islam change its understanding of the Umma to meet new political and cultural realities?

In the early 1900s, the national association for the advancement of colored people strongly urged the federal government to a) punish lynch mobs. b) overturn jim crow laws. c) limit integration. d) limit activist organizations.

1. what was the result of growing nationalism and pan-africanism on european-african relations? africans were encouraged to seek independence from europe. european colonialism grew and strengthened in africa. the change of power from european to african rule went smoothly. africans believed they could live peacefully with europeans.

What restrictive measure required voters to pay to vote