1. nativism in the late 19th century was motivated primarily by. a. hostility toward immigrant workers. b. the need to reduce overcrowding in western states. c. cultural conflicts with native american indians. d. the migration of african americans to northern cities. 2. which term best describes united states economic policy during the era of the rise of big business (1865- a. laissez-faire capitalism. b. mercantilism. c. marxism. d. welfare-state capitalism.

1- Correct answer is A. This hostility originated due to the belief that new Irish and German inmmigrants were not only taking jobs from those considered to be "American Natives", but also that their culture and belief systems would erode and threaten american values like liberty, republicanism and the protestant faith.

2-Correct answer is A. Laissez-faire capitalism is centered around the belief that an economy grows more efficiently if the government has minimum or no interference in economic regulation. This period also coincided with the inmigration waves from European nations, which benefited factory owners due to the availability of cheap labor.

the answer is c. many americans held nativist or racist views

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.