The image shows a diagram developed by a German astronomer in the 1600s. Diagram of an oval with a dot on it labeled planet. A dot labeled Sun and an unlabeled dot are inside the oval.

How did this diagram advance scientific thinking?

The diagram showed that planets move in circular orbits around the sun, disproving the Copernican model.
The diagram showed that Earth is closer to the sun than other planets, disproving the heliocentric theory.
The diagram demonstrated the first law of planetary motion, proving the heliocentric theory.
The diagram demonstrated the first law of planetary motion, proving the geocentric theory.

when a country suffers, for example, a drought period, the market product is affected for a low offer, in this case, potatoes; the government has to tax to the households, which have to give more money for the potatoes which they consume, that situation make them consume substitute goods even through loans, it could increase the financial market movement and the inflationary phenomena, the business has to increase salaries in order to the employees could buy a more expensive food (potatoes) and in order to inflation tha business had to buy expensive supplies in the factor market, while the rest of the world have to gain more money to consume the same amount of potatoes.

the alfred thayer mahan award for literary achievement is awarded each year by the navy league of the united states. the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation. presented since 1957, "this award for literary achievement is awarded to a u.s. navy officer, u.s. marine corps officer, enlisted service member, or civilian who has made a notable literary contribution that has advanced the knowledge of the importance of sea power in the united states."[1]

that was the type of government the spanish colonists were used to.