Ionization refers to the process of a.
changing from one period to another.
c.
turning lithium into fluorine.
b.
losing or gaining protons.
d.
losing or gaining electrons.

A

Explanation:

Ionization, in chemistry and physics, any process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are converted to electrically charged atoms or molecules (ions). Ionization is one of the principal ways that radiation, such as charged particles and X rays, transfers its energy to matter.

the triple alliance. germany and austria-hungary were already allies by 1879 when, worried about a threat from russia, they formed the dual alliance. italy joined the group in 1882. there was a concern about a possible attack from france and the alliance needed powerful friends to defend it.

b. young children below the minimum age were working