What were the consequences of the Ottoman's defensive wars on the Balkans during the 18th century?

As a result of the Balkan Wars, Greece gained southern Macedonia as well as the island of Crete. Serbia gained the Kosovo region and extended into northern and central Macedonia. Albania was made an independent state under a German prince.

The political consequences of the wars were considerable. Apart from Turkey, the real loser was Austria-Hungary. Because the partitioning of the sanjak of Novi Pazar between Serbia and Montenegro made it impossible in the subsequent crisis of June–July 1914 for Austria-Hungary to intervene in the Balkans. The Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia on July 23, 1914, was thus made to appear as "naked" aggression.

The wars likewise altered the structure of alliances in the Balkans. Dissatisfied Bulgaria henceforth looked to Austria-Hungary for support, whereas Romania tended to move out of the influence of the Triple Alliance and toward the Triple Entente. The Turks, moreover, began to put their house in order and secured in November 1913 the services of German Gen. Otto Liman von Sanders with a group of technical advisers to strengthen the organization of their army.

Explanation:

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.elections are held to determine who serves in congress.

the following best describes postwar era writers in their works:

many writers,authors,novelists,poets concentrated more on social art and social writing and stayed away from political writings.