What is the meaning of 49'ers

How is thomas jefferson related to the war of 18122 a. during his term, he made defense cuts that left americans at a military disadvantage b. as madison’s vice president, he served as a commander in chie c. he convinced congress to declare war though his propaganda efforts d. he authored the treaty ghent which ends the war

How would you describe the state of germany between 1815 and 1848

Who was marshall mcluhan and what did he have to do with communication theory?