Why was Martin Luther excommunicated and declared a heretic? A) he urged those that did not agree with the Catholic Church to flee to the New World so they could worship as they chose
B) he encouraged Henry the VIII to break away from the Catholic Church so that Henry could divorce his wife
C) his publications promoted open rebellion against the Roman Catholic Church
D) he encouraged Catholics to question a number of practices of the church, including the sell of indulgences

they required less loading and unloading

explanation:

the shipping container improved shipping because it cut down on unloading time by three weeks, eliminated wasted space, and allowed ships to carry.

b is the answer i am assuming

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.

necessary and proper clause. the congress shall have power to all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution in the government of the united states, or in any department or officer thereof.