Match the attributes with the appropriate city-state.

1) In Athens, even free women had minimal rights and no political rights whatsoever thus they were forbidden from attending the Agora and vote on city issues.

2) Unlike Athens, women in Sparta had more rights stemming from their social importance in giving birth to the future Spartan soldiers.

3) Athens placed a strong emphasis on the education and culture of its citizens and teachers (pedagogues) were highly valued.

4) Sparta placed a great deal of emphasis on physical and mental toughness, for both boys and girls,  from the moment their children were born. Every Spartan child born had to be examined for birth defects or flaws, in case any was found, the child would be tossed at the foot of the Taygetus Mountain. Surviving male children would join a military training course known as Agoge which trained them to fight and develop an athletic physical condition. At age 12, they were deprived from all clothes (except for a red cloak) and food.They had to steal their own food if they wanted to eat, but they were severely punished if they got caught. The punishment was on getting caught, not stealing. In their twenties, they were offered three chances to pass a number of tests to prove they were fit to join the Spartan Army and considered a full human being again.

5) According to Spartan mythology, Sparta was founded by two sons of Heracles (Hercules) who ruled Sparta together. For that reason, Sparta always had 2 kings and a council of elders called Gerousia.

6) Athens underwent different types of government in succession: monarchy, tyranny (dictatorship) and direct democracy. Only free men born in Athens could participate in the decision-making process made in a place called the Agora. Women, children, slaves and foreigners were excluded.

Explanation:

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one of the strengths of the united nations is their worldwide peacekeeping. they prevent conflict from escalating into war, try to reach agreements between the opposing sides, and bring war to an end as soon as possible. they also have a world food programme which is among the most effective food aid programmes worldwide. the united nations provides food and clean water to people in need, they also send money to strengthen the country's economy. the united nations also provides unaids, which is healthcare to hiv patients. they also raise funds to prevents aids/hivs and the spreads of others diseases. they also have campaigns that show how to protect from certain diseases. the united nations also has the unhcr, the united nations high commissioner for refugees, which is an aid to refugees. it them by raising funds to build up refugee camps or to improve housing and sanitary facilities. it also has many programmes to raise awareness about the refugee crisis and the needs of the refugees. the united nations high commissioner for refugees also builds schools in crisi regions and refugee camps. a major strength of the united nations is its efforts in elucidating the crisis from which it emerged. as such many of the issues which the world was confronted with in 1945 have been addressed. this can be seen with the organization’s mediatory efforts in resolving conflict in territories. intrinsically, particular reference can be observed in the cold war era 1947-1953 where the world was in a state of political and military tension between the powers of the western world led by the united states and the communist world led by the soviet union. as the world was divided east and west, capitalist and communist, us and ussr, the united nations had its first opportunities to establish its role as a mediator in the international system. moreover, the united nations was involved in the establishment of an israeli state on the eastern mediterranean coast. violence erupted between israeli forces and palestinians and their arab allies in response to the foundation of the state of israel. there has also been the promotion of democracy where the united nations has enabled people in many countries to participate in free and fair elections including those held in cambodia, namibia, el salvador and south africa. additionally, there has been the promotion of women’s rights, particularly in middle eastern countries, to have greater control over their lives. the united nations fund for women (unifem) have supported projects in improving the quality of life for women in over 100 countries including marketing opportunities, access to food production and so on.

however, despite these strengths there exist deep seated shortcomings of the organization in the contemporary world. notable of these is the fact that the world today is a different world than the epoch in which the united nations was born. at that time the issues facing the organization was the achievement of peace and security in a world of great powers, the insistence of the united states that the european powers should grant independence and self-government to their colonies and so on. nonetheless, some of these remain but many have changed. the world and its political atmosphere have undergone a massive transformation however the structures of the united nations have remain unchanged. these structures have failed to keep pace with the new demands which must be presently addressed. consequently, given these circumstances the united nations now faces increasing demand for change both in its institutions and in the subject matters of its concern. lastly, another weakness involves that of corruption and mismanagement. there have been reports of a cascade of scandals at the hands of the united nations. most notable of these is the wholesale corruption of the oil-for-food relief program in iraq, disappearance of united nations funds and the exposure of a transnational network of sexual misconduct by united nations peacekeepers in africa. to add, there have been political pressure, favoritism and cronyism plaguing appointments to united nations peace operations. as such it can be examined there exist a culture of impunity where the united nations operates with secrecy and is shielded by diplomatic immunity. consequently, it is no doubt that this result in institutional weakness and a staff that is less than ideally equipped to complete the required tasks. in essence, the united nations as an organization contains both pros and cons in its performance and functions. its strengths emphasizes its utmost importance in the international arena in terms of it neutral stance and mediator efforts however this is questionable when and examination of its weaknesses is undertaken.

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