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CASE: Marbury v. Madison (1803)

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

Explanation:

The Dred Scott case was a Supreme Court case which was arguing about whether a slave who lived in a free state was a free man. Dred Scott was a slave who worked in Missouri. From 1833 to 1843, he moved to Illinois which was a free state. He brought the case to court and said that since he lived in a free state and slavery was not allowed there, he should be a free man. The final decision by the Supreme Court was that Dred Scott sadly was enslaved once again, however he was taken in by a slave owner who released them before he died. The importance of the case was that it made many people rethink on about slavery and what slave states and more. The Dred Scott case made tensions more tighter and almost pushed for civil war which would happen in the American Civil War.  It became very famous throughout history and can be read in many American History textbooks in schools.

workers of lowell mills were greatly benefited for the waltham type of work which was more a paternalist kind, trying to protect the integrity of this little girls coming from small farmers and providing an adequate place of work, this in an effort to avoid the issues of bad place conditions and immorality that the people in bigger industrialized cities of great britain were experimenting.

the articles of confederation only set up the continental congress at the federal level. there were no executive or judicial branches except within the states. the states were allowed to keep every right that was not specifically given to congress. the bonding of the states was through a 'firm league of friendship' that best served as a defense agreement against invasion. states were not allowed to use taxes as a way to discourage treaties, and states were extremely limited in their dealings with foreign nations.

not many historians today talk about the strengths of the articles of confederation, likely because of how unpopular the document quickly became. the articles did set the legislative body, congress, as the highest power in the nation because of the fear of monarchy. congress had the sole power to declare war, assign treaties, entertain foreign relations, and operate post offices. disputes between states and territorial issues were to be brought to congress. the document also stipulated that canada was allowed to enter the union if they desired.

there were more weaknesses than strengths under the articles of confederation. the lack of power given to the continental congress strangled the federal government. the articles gave congress the power to pass laws but no power to enforce those laws. if a state did not support a federal law, that state could simply ignore it. congress had no power to levy taxes or regulate trade. without a federal court system or executive leader, there would be no way to enforce these laws, either. amending the articles of confederation would also require a unanimous decision, which would be extremely difficult.