Woodrow Wilson's efforts at the Versailles peace conference in Paris: a. refused a treaty clause holding Germany morally responsible for the war.
b. were thwarted by angry Parisian crowds upon his arrival.
c. were well respected by the other diplomats, especially the Allies.
d. did not include support for the independence of peoples still under British and French colonial rule.
e. failed to achieve the inclusion of a League of Nations in the peace treaty.

d. it adversely affected american productivity

answer: secession

secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the american civil war, comprises the series of events that began on december 20, 1860, and extended through june 8 of the next year when eleven states in the lower and upper south severed their ties with the union. the first seven seceding states of the lower south set up a provisional government at montgomery, alabama. after hostilities began at fort sumter in charleston harbor on april 12, 1861, the border states of virginia, arkansas, tennessee, and north carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to richmond, virginia. the union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines. twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the united states, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the confederate states of america.

explanation:

a. news coverage

explanation:

when presidential candidates are on the news they have the ability to answer questions from news reporters and some of those questions can come from the public