Japan lies in the Pacific region known as the “Ring of Fire,” which also includes the Philippines, Indonesia, and parts of Australia, and South America. This regions is subject to what forces of nature?

 Volcanoes

Explanation:

The name "Ring of Fire" implies a wider area of the Pacific Ocean. It is an area with a huge number of active volcanoes. As a percentage, about 40% of all active volcanoes in the world are located in this area.

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c) troops march forward in close formation against newer, more accurate weapons