Why hadn’t europeans used maritime routes before the age of exploration?

1.they feared that the muslims controlling portugal and spain made maritime routes unsafe.

2.they didn’t have the ships and navigation skills to travel around africa to asia.

3.they focused on exploring europe for gold, silver, and other precious metals.

4.they were interested only in trading with other european nations.

Why was the emancipation proclamation widely attacked when it was written?

From 1990 to 2008, by what percent did the world’s most developed economies cut their greenhouse gas emissions?

Read the message below from the russian tsar to his cousin, the german kaiser.“an ignoble [not noble] war has been declared to a weak country. the indignation [outrage] in russia shared fully by me is enormous. i foresee that very soon i shall be overwhelmed by the pressure forced upon me and be forced to take extreme measures which will lead to war. to try and avoid such a calamity as a european war i beg you in the name of our old friendship to do what you can to stop your allies from going too far.”- telegram from tsar nicholas ii to german kaiser wilhelm ii, 1914which of the following best describes the tsar’s message? he worries that the coming war will be blamed on russia.he believes that warfare is immoral.he complains about the pressures he is facing from britain for war.he fears russia will be forced into war by forces outside his control