How did crusaders change the Holy Land after the First Crusade? They established four Christian settlements next to Muslim lands.
They created armies to protect settlements from invasion.
They made the region a safer place for Jewish people.
They welcomed people of all faiths to make pilgrimages to Jerusalem.

"They created armies to protect settlements from invasion."

Explanation:

While the Crusades enhanced the authority of the Church in Europe, they also caused a great deal of social chaos. Nowhere was this more immediate than in the Holy land itself. Between 1095 and 1291, various cities in the Holy Land repeatedly changed hands between Christian and Muslim invaders, usually with considerable violence involved.

b.   jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

(202 bc - 220 ad) dynasty started by lui bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the qin dynasty and adopted confucian principles; han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity