"If we unite in one band, the Great Spirit will smile upon us and we shall be free, prosperous and happy. But if we shall remain as we are, we shall incur his displeasure. We shall be enslaved, and perhaps annihilated forever." –from the Iroquois League founding document Read the excerpt and answer the question below. Did all members of the Iroquois League freely choose to be part of the alliance? a. yes, it was always an appealing alliance for groups to join b. not always, conquered peoples did not have a choice c. no, the League members voted on prospective members d. yes, the League only wanted members who joined by their own choice

b. Not always, conquered peoples did not have a choice.

Explanation:

The Iroquois League is a defensive league formed by a group of native Indians who speak the same language. This group of tribes was formed as an alliance to defend themselves against their common enemy- the Hurons.

In the given excerpt from the document, Hiawatha began his speech where he implored the council to think of a safer and peaceful means of providing security for their people. He appealed for everyone to "unite in one band" which seems to suggest that they have no option than to comply and be united. This shows that not always are the members of the league united but circumstances compel them to keep their differences aside and look for solutions unitedly.

Thus, the correct answer is option b.

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.

number 1 is a)