Which of these had the biggest impact on west on west African kingdoms (400-1000CE)

trans-Saharan trade

Explanation:

The trans-Saharan trade between the year 400 CE to 1000 CE has the biggest impact on west African kingdoms.

This trans-Saharan trade involves various exchanges of goods between West African kingdoms and North Africa and the Arabian people. Some of these goods are gold, ivory, salt, cloth, horses, books, swords, chain mail, and slaves.

Also, Africans were influenced by the language and religion of the people of Arab at the time.

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treating native americans justly and giving them equal rights as citizens of the united states" was not a way in which americans sought to solve the indian problem. removal was the most popular idea.