The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following?

The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests

Explanation:

Lisan Al-Din Ibn Al-Khatib was widely known as a polymath and historian. While in Spain, around the year 1362 wrote a treatise about the bubonic plague titled a treatise on the Black Death and contagion. This is often referred to as "Muqni'at al-Sā'il 'an al-Maraḍ al-Hā'I'm." In it, he talked and focused on the "The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests."

the world may never know

d is the answer. leo should include the source.