Which of the following contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600?

The Ottomans' adoption of the latest gunpowder and artillery technology contributed the most to the Ottoman Empire's successful expansion in Europe and the Middle East in the period from 1450 to 1600.

Explanation:

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to generate donations

to organize supporters

to solicit support

disease was the number one killer of native peoples. they had had little exposure to the diseases of europe. this led to some villages being almost completely wiped out and some tribes destroyed.