12. Conflicts between Jefferson and Hamilton during President George Washington's first administration led directly to the 1) end of the Era of Good Feelings 2) decision to replace the Articles of Confederation 3) addition of the elastic clause to the Constitution 4) start of the first political parties

`stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar current or future case. stare decisis ensures that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, unless overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the us supreme court. simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions.

stare decisis is a latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided".

it provided for equal trade rights among nations in china.