Write at least 4-5 sentences explaining the social and economic effects of an industrial revolution

The Industrial Revolution created a great deal of change in society.

One major change was the shift from work being done at home by

hand in cottage industries to work being done in factories. There

were harsh and unsafe working conditions in these early factories.

The machines posed a significant threat to workers’ lives. Even more

deadly was work performed in coal mines. Owners of mines and

factories had considerable control over the lives of laborers who

worked long hours for low pay. An average worker would work 14

hours a day, six days a week. Fearful of losing their jobs, workers

would typically not complain about the horrible conditions and low

pay. Owners realized that they could pay women and children less

than men. Child labor increased because it kept the costs of

production low and the profits high. As a result, the working class

lived in poverty, while the bosses who made up the middle class

grew wealthy.  

The Industrial Revolution had many positive effects. Among

those was an increase in wealth, the production of goods, and

the standard of living. People had access to healthier diets,

better housing, and cheaper goods. In addition, education

increased during the Industrial Revolution. Due in part to the

Edward Jenner’s invention of the smallpox vaccine and Louis

Pasteur’s discovery of bacteria, health care increased, and people began to live longer. The middle and upper classes

benefited immediately from the Industrial Revolution. For workers, it took much longer. However during the 1800s,

workers formed labor unions and gained higher wages and better working conditions. As a result, they began to see

the benefits of the Industrial Revolution as well.

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