Which branch of science was fundamental to the work of artists during the Renaissance?

It developed as a reaction to the impact of european colonialism in africa on peoples of african descent. in the  mid-20th century, activists in africa adopted pan-africanism as a rallying cry for independence from colonial rule. some african pan-africanists sought to unite the continent as one independenthope it was useful

Amuslim warrior especially : one victorious in battle against the opponents of islam —often used as a title of honor.