Refer to the passage. "The issue is socialism vs. capitalism. I am for socialism because I am for humanity. We have been cursed by the reign of gold long enough. Money constitutes no proper basis of civilization. The time has come to regenerate society—we are on the eve of universal change.”

Excerpt from an open letter to the American Railway Union in 1897, by Eugene Debs, founder and member of the Industrial Workers of the World

Which of the following best explains why Russians’ reaction to socialism differed from Americans’ in the late 19th century?

Russian society was largely agricultural, while American society was highly industrialized.
The Russian movement was a broad coalition, but the American movement was composed of only workers.
Russian workers lacked avenues of protest, while American workers had labor unions and political parties.
The Russian movement worked separately from less radical factions, while the American movement worked directly with more radical groups.

relations between the soviet union and the united states were driven by a complex interplay of ideological, political, and economic factors, which led to shifts between cautious cooperation and often bitter superpower rivalry over the years. the distinct differences in the political systems of the two countries often prevented them from reaching a mutual understanding on key policy issues and even, as in the case of the cuban missile crisis, brought them to the brink of war.

the united states government was initially hostile to the soviet leaders for taking russia out of world war i and was opposed to a state ideologically based on communism. although the united states embarked on a famine relief program in the soviet union in the early 1920s and american businessmen established commercial ties there during the period of the new economic policy (1921–29), the two countries did not establish diplomatic relations until 1933. by that time, the totalitarian nature of joseph stalin's regime presented an insurmountable obstacle to friendly relations with the west. although world war ii brought the two countries into alliance, based on the common aim of defeating nazi germany, the soviet union's aggressive, antidemocratic policy toward eastern europe had created tensions even before the war ended.

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