What european nation was the first to establish permanent settlements in africa during the 1600s?

Netherlands or Dutch

Explanation: fun fact technically they are sometimes considered the first to invent pure slavery for life long benificial purposes.

where are the statements?

yes

explanation:

the fighting words doctrine, in united states constitutional law, is a limitation to freedom of speech as protected by the first amendment to the united states constitution. in 1942, the u.s. supreme court established the doctrine by a 9–0 decision in chaplinsky v. new hampshire.