Were the dark ages really dark?? explain why or why not???

Not necessarily. Let's go back to the first time the term “Dark Ages” was used to describe a time period. ... Many historians argued that the Early Middle Ages were actually not much darker than any other time period. Instead, this era evolved with its own political, social, economic and religious change.

Explanation:

under god i have placed my chiest strentgh and the safe guard to my loyal subjects

it proved indian land claims were unjustified.