1. explain how interest in ancient texts led to demands for church reform.

In the Renaissance, some high officials of the Church were more concerned with worldly power and luxury than spiritual matters of the people. Many bishops and cardinals wanted to live like princes, so they built their own palazzi, or palaces. Pope Sixtus IV and Pope Julius II reasoned that if wealthy merchants lived in splendor, then why should the head of the Church settle for anything less? Some Christians began to question such reasoning. “Has the Church always been this way?” they asked. To find answers, scholars turned to the Bible and the writings of early Church leaders. These texts were written mostly in Greek. Since the Renaissance had popularized the study of classical Greek, many Biblical scholars were prepared to plunge into the early Greek texts of the New Testament. In these texts they rediscovered a Christianity unconcerned with worldly power and material goods. In the gospel of Matthew, they read Christ’s caution: “No one can serve two masters…. You cannot serve God and mammon”—that is, you cannot be devoted to both God and money. The Renaissance scholars also read about how early Church leaders made personal sacrifices and cared for the sick and the needy. The humility and charity described in ancient texts seemed worlds away from the Renaissance clergy’s grasping for wealth and power. More and more people began to talk about the need for churchmen to change their ways. Their voices grew louder in 1513 when Julius II died and a new pope, Leo X, took office.

isolationism is a doctrine practiced by the united states for much of its history with the aim of not intervening in external affairs that did not pose a real threat to their country. the united states managed to maintain a state of political isolation throughout the nineteenth century and the first part of the xx. few nations have been able to maintain such a position for such a long period of time. historians argue that it is largely due to geographical reasons, given the physical distance between europe and the usa. uu the venataja of this situation is that the national state can spend its resources in satisfying all the needs of its inhabitants, without the need to invest in armament and equipment for a war that does not directly affect the country.

internationalism is a political and cultural movement that advocates for greater political and economic cooperation among nations for mutual benefit. this novimiento was transformed over time, today it includes military intervention in international conflicts with the objective of maintaining peace. the advantage of this move is in the international contacts and the influence developed by the country that carries it forward.

between the two modes of relations between states, i prefer the first, since i believe it is of the utmost importance to satisfy the needs of citizens and work for their development and as a last option to act on the international level.

when people started to question traditional christian beliefs, they became criminals in the eyes of the church: they were accused of heresy and then, executed. the church held unbelievable power and anyone who tried to defy it or its beliefs, was demonized and persecuted.

mark brainliest and have a stunning day!