Catholics in sixteenth-century Europe who wanted to ensure their salvation purchased a/an from the church. Martin Luther was tried at the , where the Holy Roman Empire decided that he wouldn't be allowed shelter in the Empire. The wars of religion in France were fought between the Bourbon family and the Catholic Guise family. Spain fought religious wars against both and England. At the , Protestant officials threw two Catholic officials out the window when Catholic officials demanded they convert to Catholicism. The policy that claims that countries should produce and export more goods than imports is called . were members of the middle class who helped enforce the rules of the new systems by working with the state. is the theory that states the Earth is the center of the universe, while heliocentrism theorized that the sun is the center of the universe. Scientific societies introduced the practice of , which ensured that new scientific research was as accurate as possible. The claim that women are intellectually inferior to men because they have smaller skulls is . Respond to the following based on your reading. Explain the most important consequences of the Thirty Years' War that led to changes in European societies. Why did changes in scientific thinking threaten the church?

1. indulgence

2. Diet of Worms

3. Huguenot

4. the Netherlands

5. Defenestration of Prague

6. mercantilism

7. Bureaucrats

8. Geocentricism

9. peer review

10. pseudoscience

11. The most important result of the Thirty Years' War was the policy of tolerating both Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire. After the Thirty Years' War, there were no more wars of religion in Europe. Overall, Europeans were more tolerant of religious differences in order to maintain political unity. The war ended with the Peace of Westphalia, which gave sovereignty to the different states that had formerly belonged to the Holy Roman Empire.

12.  Before the growth of scientific thinking in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the church's positions were accepted without question. Scientists were interested in making observations about evidence to learn about the nature of things. But the church held on to ideas that weren't based on evidence. As more people became interested in science, they began to question the church's ideas.

Explanation:

pennsylvania pennsylvania colony was a proprietary colony founded when william penn was awarded a charter by king charles ii in 1681. he set up the colony as one of religious freedom. the government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. all taxpaying freemen could vote.

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