Stalin's Five-Year-Plans were aimed primarily against a. Orthodox priests b. former aristocrats c. peasant landowners d. Trotsky's party supporters

Stalin's Five-Year-Plans were aimed primarily against

c. peasant landowners.

Explanation:

In 1917 land was expropriated from nobles during the Russian Revolution of Lenin.  With Stalin's Five-Year-Plans coming into effect in 1928, the lands of the peasant landowners were targeted.  Their lands were confiscated through his centralization policies, and Stalin concentrated on the rapid industrialization of Russia.  The industrialization plans were mostly successful as capital goods for the defense industry quadrupled.  But the industrial goods were accumulated to the detriment of consumer goods.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts