How did the intellectual movement of the Renaissance promote secularism? -by adopting Islamic ideas and technologies -by demanding reforms of Church structure and practices
-by encouraging the study of nonreligious subjects
-by translating biblical scriptures into everyday languages

Renaissance humanism promoted secularism by pushing the study of philosophy, literature, and science. Renaissance humanism is characterized by the return to favor of the pagan classics, the stimulation of secularism, the appreciation of the pleasures of life, and individual expression and independence.

utilized the penal colony

d) iowa i believe is the answer