Compare the trans-Saharan trade of the Mande speaking people of West Africa and the later Mali Empire that developed there with the Indian Ocean trade of the Shona speaking people of East Africa. What goods were traded and what was the impact of that trade on these two regions of Africa? Please be as specific as possible.

“the battle of stalingrad is not a turning point necessarily in strategic terms, because a lot more has to be done before the soviets can be certain of defeating germany,” says renowned world war ii historian richard overy. the germans had fought nearly a thousand miles across the soviet union to get to stalingrad.

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.